Transformative India-Japan Partnership: Eight Paths for the Next Decade

India – Japan Joint Vision for the Next Decade: Eight Directions to Steer the Special Strategic and Global Partnership

India and Japan, as two countries with a common vision of a free, open, peaceful, prosperous, and coercion-free Indo-Pacific region based on the rule of law, two economies with complementary resource endowments, technological capacities and cost competitiveness, and two nations with long tradition of friendship and mutual goodwill, hereby express our intent to jointly navigate the changes and opportunities in our countries and the world at large over the next decade, to help attain our respective domestic goals, and to bring our countries and peoples of the next generation closer together than ever before.

To this end, by building upon the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership, we hereby lay out eight all-nation lines of effort with goals and targets over the next decade and steps towards their realization.

(I) Next Generation Economic Partnership

As the fourth and fifth largest economies in the world, we aim to harvest our mutual economic and financial strengths and catalyse the potential of our complementary resources and markets by:

• Building upon the progress made in the 2022-2026 target of JPY 5 trillion of public and private investment and financing from Japan to India and setting a new target of JPY 10 trillion of private investment;

• Enhancing and diversifying bilateral trade and investment through accelerating further review of the implementation of the India-Japan Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CEPA);

• Strengthening India-Japan industrial cooperation for the “Make in India” initiative through the India-Japan Industrial Competitiveness Partnership (IJICP) to help upgrade product quality in India using high quality products necessary for Japanese firms;

• Exploring new projects under the India-Japan Fund, promoting Japanese corporations in the International Financial Service Centre of GIFT City in India and expanding the presence of key Indian industry associations, trade, and investment promotion agencies in Japan;

• Enhancing the collaboration on payment systems between Japan and India, including local currency transactions;

• Encouraging cooperation between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by fostering visits of Japanese SMEs to India, expanding downstream industries and launching an India-Japan SME Forum;

• Promoting food security and encouraging agri-business collaboration through policy dialogue and business exchanges, and promoting investment based on the demonstration at model farms and development of culinary professionals for Indian and Japanese cuisine; and

• Exploring ICT cooperation and business opportunities among private sector entities.

We also aim to advance our bilateral cooperation to strengthen economic relations with the Global South and harness its growth potential. In pursuit of this, we welcome the launch of the India-Japan Cooperation Initiative for Sustainable Economic Development in Africa. To this end, under the spirit of India’s vision of Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions (MAHASAGAR) and Japan’s Economic Region Initiative of Indian Ocean-Africa, we will also promote private sector-led businesses and investments in India and the robust concentration of Japanese companies in India as a hub for invigorating business collaborations with other countries in South Asia and Africa.

(II) Next Generation Economic Security Partnership

As we take our bilateral partnership to new heights, we aim to launch an India-Japan Economic Security Initiative that provides momentum for strategic cooperation through whole of nation efforts in strengthening supply chains of key goods and materials, which foster market diversification and advance cooperation in cutting-edge technologies, including private sector led cooperation by:

• Identifying and implementing concrete projects in the areas of semiconductors, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, telecommunication, clean energy and new and emerging technologies through the government and business tracks of the Dialogue on Economic Security including Strategic Trade and Technology;

• Sharing policy perspectives, intelligence and information on best practices on latest developments in the above areas;

• Promoting cooperation on resilient supply chains and market diversification through the Memorandum of Cooperation in the field of Mineral Resources, India-Japan Digital Partnership 2.0, Memorandum of Cooperation on Semiconductor Supply Chain Partnership, and other such mechanisms;

• Promoting private sector led cooperation, including by supporting the Joint Action Plan on Economic Security Cooperation by JETRO, CII and JCCII;

• Welcoming the launch of the business pillar, the India-Japan Private-Sector Dialogue on Economic Security, under the India-Japan Dialogue on Economic Security, including Strategic Trade and Technology to foster above Joint Action Plan;

• Implementing the Japan-India AI Cooperation Initiative (JAI) to promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation on AI and foster an innovative and trusted AI ecosystem; and

• Promoting India-Japan battery supply chain cooperation to foster a healthy battery market and ecosystem.

(III) Next Generation Mobility

Leveraging the strengths of Japanese advanced technologies and Indian talent, we will establish the Next Generation Mobility Partnership (NGMP) as a framework for comprehensive cooperation in infrastructure, logistics and mobility. Through this partnership, we aim to co-create solutions that will address the challenges in mobility fields where there is high demand in India and drive the development of a robust next-generation mobility and related industries that serves the vision of Make in India for the World. Utilising digital and smart technologies, focusing on sustainable and environment-friendly methodologies, and prioritising safety and disaster resilience, we will explore potential areas of collaboration, including but not limited to the following examples:

• High-speed rail systems, including “Make in India” next-generation rolling stock, functional signaling and operational control systems, seismic-proofing, AI-based maintenance and monitoring, energy transition in the railway sector, advanced metro rail systems and mass rapid transit systems, by building on the hitherto cooperation in railways;

• Transit-oriented development through integrated station area development, Mobility-as-a-Service platforms, inter-city road networks and end-to-end connectivity, including small-scale automated urban transportation systems such as Personal Rapid Transit (PRT);

• Smart cities and city decarbonization, to be planned through advanced modeling that address challenges such as traffic congestion and air pollution;

• Data utilization in the mobility field through connected technologies, driven by Software Defined Vehicle, aims to ensure safety and reliability in the mobility field;

• Manufacturing of automobiles and aircraft, shipping vessels, utilizing sustainable fuel and using environment-friendly fuel storage, and expanding transport infrastructure;

• Cold-chain logistic services for food and pharmaceutical transportation; and

• Utilising 3D city models in urban planning and development, such as disaster simulation, and the formulation of evacuation guidance plans in the event of a disaster.

We will actively promote collaborations between Indian and Japanese companies to manufacture the above products in India and export to the global market. We will also prioritise capacity building in India through technical training and human resource exchanges towards the cultivation of skilled personnel for design, operations and maintenance of these mobility solutions.

At the same time, we will aim to mainstream disaster risk reduction through development of resilient infrastructure and strengthening cooperation in multilateral mechanisms such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

(IV) Next Generation Ecological Legacies

We aim to give effect to our vision for “one earth, one future” by promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for our future generations and cooperation to meet each other’s climate adaptation, energy transition, waste-reduction and net-zero goals through:

• Ensuring energy security, low carbon economic growth, sustainable communities and lifestyles through Mission LiFE;

• Various pathways that reflect each country’s national circumstances to achieve net-zero economy;

• Strengthening of energy cooperation under the India-Japan Clean Energy Partnership through the India-Japan Energy Dialogue;

• Promoting a circular economy through cooperation on waste-to-energy technologies, waste segregation and recycling methods;

• Promoting sustainable farming practices, climate mitigation technologies to improve agricultural productivity, protection of marine and coastal ecosystems, sustainable forest management and biodiversity conservation, promotion of agroforestry and sustainable use of natural resources such as bamboo;

• Cooperation in clean energy and emission and pollution reduction through initiatives such as the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM), the Initiative of Clean Energy Mobility And Infra for Next-Generation (ICEMAN), green hydrogen value chain and utilisation of satellite technology for emission estimation; and

• Enhancing efforts in the multilateral environmental bodies such as the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT) group.

(V) Next Gen Technology and Innovation Partnership

We aim to tap into each other’s scientific and technological capabilities, institutions and manpower to promote frontier research in foundational sciences and cross-sector collaboration on advancing commercialisation of new technologies via the following steps:

• Collaboration in fundamental research through the Indian Beamline at KEK, Tsukuba, quantum technologies, and high-performance computing for next generation research tools;

• Startup collaboration on open-innovation, social problem solving, advanced-tech, data-usage, incubation, and finance through the Japan-India Startup Support Initiative (JISSI) launched by Japan, and linking innovation ecosystems and enabling startups to expand their business in both countries;

• Mobilizing funds for start-up companies, including those in the AI field through the “India-Japan fund of funds”;

• Promoting ICT cooperation through a Joint Working Group under the India-Japan ICT Cooperation Framework;

• Enhanced cooperation in space technologies, including through the Lunar Polar Exploration (LUPEX) Mission and facilitating linkages between private commercial entities and start-ups in the space sector;

• Dialogue on fission and fusion technology, including ITER and joint research on small modular and advanced reactors; and

• Joint research in food technology and agricultural sciences, including on millets as aligned with G20 New Delhi Declaration and Advancing Innovations for Empowering Next Generation Agriculture (AI-ENGAGE).

(VI) Investing in Next Gen Health

We aim to invest in the health and well-being of our people to realize their full potential, with a goal of achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in mind, by jointly promoting clinical and medical research collaboration, tackling pandemics and emerging health trends, ensuring affordable access to life-saving medicines and utilising the potential of traditional and alternative medicine through the following steps:

• Strengthening cooperation between India’s Ayushman Bharat initiative and Japan’s Asia Health and Wellbeing Initiative as well as in the global health sector;

• Identifying further areas of cooperation through holding Joint Committee Meetings on a regular basis;

• Joint research on emerging fields of geriatric medicine, stem cell therapy, regenerative medicine, gene therapy, synthetic biology, cancer treatment, digital health and automated diagnostic solutions;

• Exploring collaboration with the “UHC Knowledge Hub” to accelerate the promotion of UHC;

• Promoting the exchange of medical professionals through greater collaboration between medical institutions and launching a fellowship for medical professionals;

• Facilitating the supply of critical medicines, APIs and medical equipment and strengthening medical infrastructure in our two countries; and

• Setting up centres of excellence that promote yoga, meditation, ayurveda and holistic wellness in Japan with the support of Ministry of AYUSH in India.

(VII) Next Gen People-to-People Partnership

Recognising the historical linkages and cultural affinities between our two countries and seeking to realise the potential of our human resources in bridging our respective economic and demographic challenges, we aim to further our people-to-people ties by:

• Launching an Action Plan for India-Japan Human Resource Exchange and Cooperation that targets an exchange of more than 500,000 personnel in both directions in the next five years, including 50,000 skilled personnel and potential talents from India to Japan;

• Expanding endowed courses and vocational training programmes in India and training of Indian personnel in Japan under India-Nippon Programme for Applied Competency Training (INPACT) built on the achievements of the Japan-India Institutes for Manufacturing (JIM) and Japanese Endowed Courses (JEC);

• Initiating employment promotion events, internship programmes, employment surveys and information dissemination, including through a dedicated website on promotion of talent mobility between the two countries under India-Japan Talent Bridge (IJTB) by METI, Japan;

• Strengthening exchanges of researchers and students through Sakura Science Exchange Program, the LOTUS Programme, HOPE meetings and the Inter-University Exchange Project by MEXT, Japan and supporting educational collaboration through the initiative of EDU-Port Japan;

• Enhancing organisational collaboration and workplaces through the e-Migrate portal, Global Capability Centers in India;

• Facilitating greater bilateral tourist flow, showcasing each other’s cultural heritage;

• Expanding the training opportunities for Japanese language teachers as well as to support to design efficient curricula and materials by dispatching specialists of Japanese language education; and

• Dispatching “NIHONGO Partners,” Japanese Language teaching assistants, to India to support Indian Japanese language teachers and students.

(VIII) Next-Gen State-Prefecture Partnership

Highlighting the crucial role played by Indian States and Japanese Prefectures in realizing many of the above lines of effort, we aim to create suitable platforms to tap their energies for a more comprehensive vision for India-Japan partnership by:

• Promoting new Sister-city and State-Prefecture partnerships to build on complementary resource endowments and historical connections;

• Boosting direct flight connectivity between Indian and Japanese cities;

• Strengthening commercial and business partnerships, including small and medium enterprises, reinvigorating local industries and promoting regional development through India-Kansai Business Forum, as well as exploring similar arrangements between India and Kyushu;

• Facilitating greater information exchange on regional opportunities within India and Japan and sharing of best practices between States and Prefectures to develop solutions to shared challenges; and

• Promoting visits of State-Prefectural level delegations with the Ministry of External Affairs of India and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan taking the lead in organising 3 visits each per year;

Through the above eight lines of effort, we hope to usher in a transformative phase of India-Japan people-oriented partnership in the eighth decade of the establishment of our bilateral relations, and to bring tangible benefits and collaboration opportunities to our next generations.

We hereby adopt this document, reflecting our shared vision for the coming decade, during the visit of Prime Minister of India H.E. Shri Narendra Modi to Japan for the Annual Summit 2025 at the invitation of Prime Minister of Japan H.E. Mr. Ishiba Shigeru, on 29-30 August 2025 in Tokyo.

Fact Sheet : India-Japan Economic Security Cooperation

The India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership, anchored in our shared values and mutual respect, is critical to advancing the security and prosperity of both countries. Cooperation in the field of economic security is a key pillar of our bilateral cooperation emanating from a growing convergence in our strategic outlook and economic imperatives.

As two vibrant democracies and free market economies, India and Japan are committed to accelerating their partnership in critical and emerging sectors based upon our political trust, economic dynamism and natural complementarity.

● India and Japan launched the first round of the India-Japan Dialogue on Economic Security including Strategic Trade and Technology chaired at Vice Foreign Minister/Foreign Secretary level in November 2024.

● Through the existing government-to-government mechanisms as well as the Dialogue on Economic Security, including Strategic Trade and Technology, Indiaand Japan shared policy perspectives on foreign policy and security challenges emanating from certain economic inter-linkages.

● India and Japan resolved to advance bilateral cooperation in building resilient supply chains and secure critical infrastructure, promoting and protecting key technologies and addressing bilateral impediments to strategic trade and technology collaboration.

● India and Japan recognized key sectors that will receive heightened priority for strategic collaboration: semiconductors, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals, clean energy and information and communication technology

● The Government of India and the Government of Japan support private sector-led efforts that safeguard the national economic security interests of both countries.

● India and Japan welcomed the launch of the India-Japan Private-Sector Dialogue on Economic Security between Keidanren (Japan Business Federation) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and expressed their expectation of close public-private cooperation to advance concrete actions in strategic sectors, following the Joint Action Plan on India-Japan Economic and Security Cooperation proposed by Japan External Trade Organisation (JETRO), CII and Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry in India (JCCII).

Semiconductors

● The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India (MeitY) and the Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry of Japan (METI) signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on India-Japan Semiconductor Supply Chain Partnership in July 2023 strengthening cooperation towards enhancing the semiconductor supply chain.

● India and Japan held meetings under the India-Japan Semiconductor Policy Dialogue, which brought together government organizations, companies and educational institutions, to explore opportunities for resilient supply chains, talent and R&D in semiconductor.

● India and Japan appreciated that the private sector engages in a variety of activities including ones that contribute to economic security. They welcomed the following efforts, which diversify the semiconductor supply chain and strengthen bilateral cooperation including talent and supporting development of semiconductor industries in India in line with the Make in India initiative:

◦ Establishment of a semiconductor OSAT in Sanand, Gujarat by Japanese semiconductor firm Renesas Electronics with CG Power

◦ Signing of two MoUs between Renesas and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing in May 2025 under the Chips to Startup (C2S) programme of MeitY. These MoUs will enhance industry-academia collaboration and enable local startups to drive technological advancement and promote local manufacturing; and,

◦ Renesas signed an MoU with IIT Hyderabad in June 2024 for research and collaboration in the field of VLSI and embedded semiconductor systems.

◦ Tokyo Electron and TATA Electronics launched a strategic partnership to establish a semiconductor ecosystem in India.

● Japan and India continue to strengthen their collaboration on economic security and collective resilience through the Quad, particularly through the Semiconductor Supply Chains Contingency Network.

● India and Japan signed and exchanged notes concerning Japan’s yen loan project titled Tamil Nadu Investment Promotion Program (phase 3) to support the fund established by the Government of Tamil Nadu for Indian venture and start-up companies in emerging technology fields, including the semiconductor industry.

Critical Minerals

● India and Japan are working together to bolster critical minerals supply chains through partnership in the Mineral Security Partnership and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework and Quad Critical Minerals Initiatives.

● Ministry of Mines of India and METI of Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation in the field of Mineral Resources in August 2025.

● India and Japan deepened their collaboration through the Toyota Tsusho’s rare earth refining project in Andhra Pradesh which aims to establish a stable supply chain for rare earth materials.

Information and Communication Technology

● Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) supported the Open RAN pilot project in India and resolved to further deepen their collaboration in this sector.

● NEC and Reliance Jio established a strategic partnership to collaborate on information and communication technology infrastructure and technology, particularly on 5G technology and Open RAN.

● NEC, through its Centre of Excellence Laboratory in Chennai, promoted end-to-end Open RAN system development.

● Ministry of Communications of India and MIC of Japan held the 7th India-Japan ICT Joint Working Group meeting in May 2022 under the India-Japan ICT Cooperation Framework which aims to foster collaboration in emerging technologies.

● India and Japan will continue to deepen collaboration in joint projects through the Japan ICT Fund (JICT) and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC).

● NTT plans to continue to expand its data center business (currently 20 data centers) through implementation of investment and financing through JICT and JBIC.

Clean Energy

● India and Japan welcomed the Joint Statement of the 11th India-Japan Energy Dialogue held in August 2025.

● India and Japan welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation on the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM).

● The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy of India and METI issued a Joint Declaration of Intent on Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia.

● IHI Corporation, Kowa and Adani Power Ltd. signed a collaboration for ammonia co-firing demonstration at Mundra Power Plant in Gujarat.

● JBIC and Osaka Gas signed an arrangement for forming a co-investment partnership with Clean Max, called Clean Max Osaka Gas Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd., to own and operate a 400MW renewable energy portfolio including existing and new development assets, primarily in Karnataka, over the next three years.

● India and Japan will continue their cooperation in biofuels including through international frameworks such as the Global Biofuels Alliance.

● India and Japan welcomed the initiative for promoting battery supply chain cooperation, including the business matchmaking and roundtable organized in India by JETRO and Government of Japan on battery and critical minerals supply chain with participation of over 70 companies and government organizations.

● India and Japan welcomed the promotion of investment in environmental conservation and other areas through the India-Japan Fund established by the Government of India and JBIC

● JBIC and Power Finance Corporation Limited signed a loan agreement amounting up to JPY 60 billion to support a bamboo-based bioethanol production project in Assam, Northeastern India, being implemented by Assam Bio Ethanol Private Limited.

● JBIC implemented measures of financing support including financing for investment projects of Japanese automotive parts companies (Yokohama Rubber, Yazaki Corporation, etc.), loans to strengthen the supply chains of Japanese automobile manufacturers (environmentally friendly vehicles) and support for railway container transport business of Japanese logistics companies (Konoike Transport) to contribute to India’s modal shift.

Scientific Cooperation

● India and Japan are deepening their S&T engagement this year celebrating it as the Year of Science, Technology and Innovation Exchanges.

● India and Japan held the 11th Joint Committee Meeting on Science and Technology Cooperation in June 2025 and held discussions on the full range of scientific cooperation particularly in new and emerging technologies such as AI, quantum technologies, biotechnology, climate change technology and space.

● India and Japan have conducted several joint demonstration experiments on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), held annual Technical-Workshops on V2X System since 2019, and pursued opportunities to collaborate on V2X technologies and Intelligent Transportation Systems.

● India and Japan implement international joint calls for proposals in cutting-edge fields through SICORP between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and DST.

● India and Japan launched the India-Japan AI Cooperation Initiative that will promote strategic collaboration in AI through joint research, promotion of initiatives between universities and companies, collaboration on the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), and cooperation toward fostering a trustworthy AI ecosystem.

● India and Japan renewed the MoC on Digital Partnership 2.0 in 2025 to promote collaboration in digital sector, including semiconductors, AI, Digital Public Infrastructure, R&D, start-ups.

● India and Japan strengthened the human resource exchange in cutting-edge fields by supporting Indian students, including postgraduate and doctoral students, to conduct research in Japan such as the LOTUS programme and Sakura Science Exchange Program and facilitate matching with Japanese companies through internships.

● The Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) signed a Joint Statement of Interest (JSOI) with India’s Ministry of Science and Technology to promote collaboration in scientific exchanges and research and development.

● NTT DATA, cloud platform company Neysa Networks and the Government of Telangana signed a contract to set up an AI data centre cluster in Hyderabad with an investment of INR 10,500 crores.

Pharmaceuticals

● Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, the Department of Science and Technology and the Indian Council of Medical Research will sign an MoC on cooperation in health and medical research under Japan’s Strategic International Collaborative Research Program.

● An MOC was signed between the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the Government of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

● India and Japan will continue to collaborate on efforts to build a resilient supply chain through the Biopharmaceutical Alliance among like-minded countries.

● JBIC is providing loans for investment projects by Japanese companies in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Expanding our Partnership

Japan and India, recognising their shared interest in safeguarding critical economic interests in the backdrop of evolving global challenges, commit to advancing cooperation in the field of economic security. Anchored in their common vision for a rules-based economic order in the Indo-Pacific and beyond, both countries will continue to deepen collaboration across government, industry, and academia to build resilience in strategic sectors, enhance technology and infrastructure security, and promote trusted and transparent frameworks.

Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation between India and Japan

The Governments of India and Japan (hereinafter referred to as ‘the two sides’),

Recalling the political vision and objectives of the India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership based on shared values and common interests,

Underscoring the indispensable role of their two countries for a free, open, peaceful, prosperous, and coercion-free Indo-Pacific region which upholds rules-based international order,

Taking cognizance of the notable progress in their bilateral security cooperation and the evolution of strategic outlook and policy priorities of the two sides in recent years,

Recognizing their complementary strengths in terms of resource endowments and technological capacities,

Committing to increase practical cooperation in the interest of their national security and continued economic dynamism,

Seeking to explore deeper coordination on security issues of common concern in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond,

Committing to uphold the international order based on the rule of law,

Have adopted this Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation to reflect the new stage of their partnership, and concurred that they should:

1. Strive to contribute to each other’s defense capabilities and readiness, by promoting interoperability and synergy between their defense forces, including in, but not limited to, the following areas:

– (1) Conducting bilateral exercises between our forces in a wide range of fields with increasing complexity and sophistication, and reciprocal participation in multilateral exercises hosted by each other

– (2) Exploring to establish a new meeting framework on comprehensive dialogue between Joint Staffs

– (3) Exploring tri-service exercises to prepare for humanitarian and disaster relief operations in the Indo-Pacific

– (4) Collaboration between Special Operations Units

– (5) Enhancing use of the India-Japan Agreement Concerning Reciprocal Provision of Supplies and Services between the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the Indian Armed Forces to share and support logistics

– (6) Exploring opportunities to cooperate in niche areas of each other’s priorities such as counter terrorism, peacekeeping operations and cyber defense

– (7) Sharing information including assessments with respect to emerging security risks

– (8) Promoting utilization of each other’s facilities for repair and maintenance of defense platforms

– (9) Exploring opportunities to collaborate on chemical, biological and radiological defense with focus on detection, decontamination, medical countermeasures, protective equipment, and response strategies to safeguard forces and populations from these threats

2. Advance their shared maritime security goals and promote naval and coast guard cooperation for a peaceful maritime environment in the Indo-Pacific region including through, but not limited to, the following:

– (1) More frequent visits and port calls by vessels belonging to the Japan Self-Defense Forces, Indian Armed Forces and their Coast Guard

– (2) Enhanced situational awareness and bilateral and region-wide cooperation for a common maritime picture through the Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) and the Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA)

– (3) Enhanced law enforcement cooperation against piracy, armed robbery and other transnational crimes at sea, bilaterally and through regional initiatives and platforms, including the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP)

– (4) Bilateral and multilateral collaboration (including the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and Asian Disaster Reduction Center) to reduce and prepare against disaster risk in the Indo-Pacific region, through knowledge-sharing and capacity-building

– (5) Coordination on their respective maritime security and maritime law enforcement assistance to third countries in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond

3. Promote and facilitate technological and industrial collaboration between their government entities and private sector stakeholders for resilience in sectors critical to national security, including by the following ways:

– (1) Exploring cooperation opportunities for mutual benefit and use under the Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation mechanism for co-development and co-production of equipment and technology geared towards their current and future security needs

– (2) Regular industry exposure visits in defense and security area, focusing on specific capabilities, start-ups and micro, small and medium enterprises towards both current and future security needs

– (3) Technology-sharing in new fields that effectively support the two sides’ operational approaches

– (4) Mutual understanding of respective export control policies and practices to encourage and promote cooperation in high-end technology and equipment and supply chain linkages

– (5) Cooperation on key issues related to economic security, including mitigating vulnerabilities in strategic areas as well as addressing economic coercion, non-market policies and practices and excess capacity resulting from them, as well as strengthening of supply chain resilience

– (6) Exploring cooperation opportunities in military medicine and health security to enhance preparedness and resilience against various threats

– (7) Enhancement of defense R&D cooperation between the Defense Research and Development Organisation of India (DRDO) and the Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency of Japan (ATLA)

– (8) Cooperation in the field of critical minerals, including information exchange and technology for exploration, processing and refining

4. Find additional opportunities to contemporize their security cooperation against salient traditional and non-traditional threats and to respond to the challenges and opportunities posed by new, critical, and emerging technologies, including by the following ways:

– (1) Countering terrorism, radical extremism and organized transnational crimes, including in the digital domain and in their use of unmanned systems and modern information and communication technology, through intelligence- and experience-sharing

– (2) Promoting joint R&D, academia and industry collaboration in lockstep with advances in technologies such as AI, robotics, quantum, semiconductor, autonomous technology, future networks, biotechnology and cyber security while ensuring security and integrity.

– (3) Building their cyber resilience including critical information infrastructure robustness though sharing information

– (4) Expanding the use of respective space systems for national security, satellite-based navigation, earth observation and other mutually decided areas in the space sector

– (5) Conducting consultations for collaboration in Space Situational Awareness including tracking, monitoring, and management of space debris

5. Promote common regional and global security objectives and coordinate policies and positions in relevant multilateral and plurilateral groups, including by the following ways:

– (1) Supporting ASEAN centrality and unity, ASEAN-led frameworks, and ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, and contributing to each other’s strategic priorities for the region, namely Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative and a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)

– (2) Promoting in the Indo-Pacific region reliable, sustainable, resilient and quality infrastructure investment, which respects national sovereignty and territorial integrity

– (3) Opposing any destabilizing or unilateral actions that seek to change the status quo by force or coercion, and supporting peaceful settlement of disputes, freedom of navigation and overflight, and other lawful uses of the sea consistent with international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

– (4) Deepening cooperation within the Quad and advancing the Quad’s positive and practical agenda for peace and progress in the Indo-Pacific region

– (5) Promoting reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) including the expansion of both the permanent and non-permanent categories and supporting each other’s candidature as a permanent member in an expanded UNSC

– (6) Condemning terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, including cross-border terrorism, and working together for an immediate end to material and financial support to terrorist activities, working together at multilateral fora to counter terrorism, and making efforts for the adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism at the United Nations

– (7) Reaffirming our shared commitment to a total elimination of nuclear weapons and an end to nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism as well as the immediate commencement and conclusion of negotiations on a non-discriminatory, multilateral and internationally and effectively verifiable Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty in the Conference on Disarmament on the basis of the Shannon Mandate

– (8) Continuing to work together for India’s membership of the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group, with the aim of strengthening the global non-proliferation efforts

6. Supplement and reinforce the existing architecture of bilateral consultations and exchanges, through the Ministerial 2+2 meeting of the Foreign and Defense Ministers of the two sides and various official security dialogues with assorted mechanisms such as the following:

– (1) An annual dialogue of their National Security Advisers to take a comprehensive stock of the security situation facing India and Japan

– (2) The Dialogue on Economic Security Including Strategic Trade and Technology between India’s Foreign Secretary and Japan’s Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs and to enhance mutual economic security and promote cooperation on strategic industries and technology

– (3) A high-level dialogue aimed at joint and cross-services cooperation between the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the Indian Armed Forces

– (4) A meeting at the level of their commandants of coast guard based on the Memorandum on Cooperation between the Indian Coast Guard and the Japan Coast Guard

– (5) A reinvigorated India-Japan Defense Industry Forum to identify possibilities for business collaboration

– (6) A track 1.5 dialogue of think-tanks of India and Japan to promote wider appreciation of security challenges and elicit ideas for new cooperation